Notional value of derivatives contracts is much higher than the market value due to a concept called leverage. Notional value is integral in assessing portfolio risk, which can be very useful when determining hedge ratios to offset that risk..

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Options On Futures Definition An option on futures gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a futures contract at a specific price, on or before its expiration.

Equity Derivative Definition An equity derivative is a trading instrument which is based on the price movements of an underlying asset's equity.

What Is Physical Delivery? Physical delivery is a term in an options or futures contract which requires the actual underlying asset to be delivered on a specified delivery date.

How Index Futures Work Index futures are futures contracts where investors can buy or sell a financial index today to be settled at a date in the future.

All Business Sections. Start Learning Now! Prev: Customer Orientation.. Next: Customer Perception.. Share this Page on:. Frege developed his original theory of meaning in early works like Begriffsschrift concept script of and Grundlagen foundations of arithmetic of On this theory, the meaning of a complete sentence consists in its being true or false, [5] and the meaning of each significant expression in the sentence is an extralinguistic entity which Frege called its Bedeutung , literally meaning or significance, but rendered by Frege's translators as reference, referent, ' M eaning', nominatum, etc.

Frege supposed that some parts of speech are complete by themselves, and are analogous to the arguments of a mathematical function , but that other parts are incomplete, and contain an empty place, by analogy with the function itself.

Only when the empty place is filled by a proper name does the reference of the completed sentence — its truth value — appear.

This early theory of meaning explains how the significance or reference of a sentence its truth value depends on the significance or reference of its parts.

Frege introduced the notion of "sense" German: Sinn to accommodate difficulties in his early theory of meaning. First, if the entire significance of a sentence consists of its truth value, it follows that the sentence will have the same significance if we replace a word of the sentence with one having an identical reference, as this will not change its truth value.

If the evening star has the same reference as the morning star , it follows that the evening star is a body illuminated by the Sun has the same truth value as the morning star is a body illuminated by the Sun.

But it is possible for someone to think that the first sentence is true while also thinking that the second is false.

Therefore, the thought corresponding to each sentence cannot be its reference, but something else, which Frege called its sense. Second, sentences that contain proper names with no reference cannot have a truth value at all.

Yet the sentence 'Odysseus was set ashore at Ithaca while sound asleep' obviously has a sense, even though 'Odysseus' has no reference. The thought remains the same whether or not 'Odysseus' has a reference.

For example, Mont Blanc , 'with its snowfields', cannot be a component of the thought that Mont Blanc is more than 4, metres high.

Nor can a thought about Etna contain lumps of solidified lava. Frege's notion of sense is somewhat obscure, and neo-Fregeans have come up with different candidates for its role.

John McDowell supplies cognitive and reference-determining roles. In his theory of descriptions , Bertrand Russell held the view that most proper names in ordinary language are in fact disguised definite descriptions.

For example, 'Aristotle' can be understood as "The pupil of Plato and teacher of Alexander", or by some other uniquely applying description.

This is known as the descriptivist theory of names. Because Frege used definite descriptions in many of his examples, he is often taken to have endorsed the descriptivist theory.

Thus Russell's theory of descriptions was conflated with Frege's theory of sense, and for most of the twentieth century this "Frege—Russell" view was the orthodox view of proper name semantics.

However, Saul Kripke argued compellingly against the descriptivist theory. According to Kripke, [15] : 48—49 proper names are rigid designators which designate the same object in every possible world.

Part of the triple aim is better health for populations. One way healthcare providers are able to achieve this goal is by using data analytics to stratify members of a population by risk to deliver care to patients who have the most need.

Analytics also help healthcare providers identify gaps in care, such as which patients are not coming in for annual check-ups or haven't received immunizations.

Using this data, providers know who in the population they need to reach out to. These include accountable care organizations , bundled payments and patient-centered medical homes.

All organizations need to meet a variety of regulatory compliance requirements, but they don't all have the budget for GRC To effectively prepare for and conduct an IoT audit, organizations need to understand which IT controls are in scope.

Conducting a data protection impact assessment is key to evaluating potential risk factors that could pose a serious threat to The antitrust lawsuits allege Facebook impeded competition by buying up rivals to control the market.

Although 5G is still years away from mainstream adoption, some enterprises have started rolling out use cases that can deliver CIO dashboards can be a vital tool for assessing metrics in real time to gain insight on IT performance and support better Stay on top of the latest news, analysis and expert advice from this year's re:Invent conference.